The Middle East : Israel, the armed arm of US imperialism, wages war against all those who oppose Washington's global power interests, in whose shadow Israel's regional power interests emerge

Prises de position - Prese di posizione - Toma de posición - Statements - Prohlášení - Заявления

The Middle East : Israel, the armed arm of US imperialism, wages war against all those who oppose Washington's global power interests, in whose shadow Israel's regional power interests emerge

For more than a century, the Middle East region has been a stormy zone in which the conflicting interests of the world's most powerful imperialisms are concentrated, not only because of its vast oil reserves, but also because of the strategic trade route linking the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean via the Red Sea-Suez Canal, not to mention the Persian Gulf.

The inter-imperialist contrasts lead to commercial and diplomatic conflicts and wars in which the countries of the region are inevitably drawn, where the recent development of capitalism has been characterised by extreme violence, by which the imperialists and the ruling local clans have had and have the aim of imposing their own specific interests on the population; for this purpose they preserved old and backward political and religious superstructures which have bowed to the inexorable advance of capitalism and have thus become, in fact, the pillars on which the new bourgeois classes rest to exert their power and control over the dominated population. The strength of the Middle Eastern bourgeois classes depends to a large extent on the control they are able to exert over their own population, and, given the extremely contradictory but inexorable progress of capitalism, over the relatively young, but, potentially uncontrollable proletariat, whose survival, given its rural origins was destroyed not only by violent capitalist expropriation but also by the concentration of increasingly conflicting imperialist interests in those territories. The history of the transformation of the Palestinian peasant masses into proletarian masses, a people without reserves and without country, expresses the sharpest culmination of the process of the social development of capitalism in the Middle East; this development could not and cannot fail to bring about permanent armed conflicts and wars of now these local bourgeoisies and then other local ones, in which temporary truces and temporary frontiers, temporary orders are constantly challenged, and which from being local increasingly take on a world dimension. Wars and truces that the imperialist powers themselves – representing, through their financial, political and military interventions, the main agents of chaos in the Middle East – are no longer able, like the sorcerer, to control.

We will not discuss here the long history of wars and so-called peace agreements that have marked the last century and a half in the Middle East. For proof that the countries of the Middle East are powder kegs always ready to explode, it is enough to refer to the Arab-Israeli wars and the Gulf wars of the last century (1). However, it must be emphasised that this turbulent zone is only one of the areas of the world where imperialist alliances are and will be decided, as far as the Third World War is concerned.

The war that Israel has unleashed against the Palestinians in Gaza following Hamas' incursion into dozens of Israeli border kibbutzim, resulting in the deaths of more than 1,200 Israelis and the kidnapping of 250 hostages, only completes the continuity of the systematic military operations that Israel has been conducting against the Palestinians since the establishment of its state in 1948 in Palestine under the protection of the victorious powers of the Second World imperialist slaughter. It must be said that all the Arab countries of the time rejected the UN resolution of November 1947 on the establishment of two states, Palestinian and Jewish, so much so that they then unleashed war against Israel, as soon as it declared itself an independent state. Israel won that war, forcing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians to seek refuge in neighbouring Arab countries, and also won the three subsequent Arab-Israeli wars in 1956, 1967 and 1973. With the 1967 victory (the famous “Six-Day War”), Israel captured the Sinai and Gaza Strip (won from Egypt), the West Bank (won from Jordan), East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights (won from Syria). Later, Israel returned the Sinai to Egypt, consented to Palestinian rule in the Gaza Strip, and the same for the West Bank, but only from 1995 onwards; both are under strict Israeli control (economic and financial as well as military), while it has made the occupied Golan Heights an Israeli territory, which the US will recognise in 2019. Israel invaded and occupied southern Lebanon in 1982 to destroy Palestinian bases; withdrew from it in 2000, but re-invaded it in 2006 to suppress the pro-Iranian Shiite Lebanese militia Hezbollah, which had organised and established itself in a fractured Lebanon during that time; and withdrew from southern Lebanon again a few months later. In 2006, Hamas won the elections in Gaza, clashed with arms with the supporters of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), which had won the elections in the West Bank; Netanyahu – already at the head of the government at the time–- pursued a policy of supporting and strengthening Hamas precisely because of Hamas's anti-PNA function, so that the two Palestinian groupings would clash further: this effectively prevented the possibility of initiating an agreement on Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip with a view to the establishment of a future 'Palestinian state', as agreed in the Oslo Accords (1993) signed between Yitzhak Rabin, Yasser Arafat and Bill Clinton; like all later 'accords', this agreements were mere scraps of paper.

If there is a supreme delusion that the Palestinian masses have fallen into, and with them the poor proletarian and peasant masses in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan – where the Palestinian masses who have fled or been expelled from their homeland have largely found refuge – then it is precisely the prospect of two states which constitution could bring peace not only to Palestine but to the entire Middle East, peace permanently challenged by Israeli-Palestinian wars.

Israel has always opposed the “two-state solution” (rejected also by Hamas); it has always been an obstacle to it whenever the American and European imperialists, including Russia, have tried to push for this kind of “pacification” of the situation. Its function as a gendarme of Euro-American imperialism in a Middle Eastern territory on which the Israeli bourgeoisie, both from the far right and the left social democratic camp, has always relied, has been too important to be compromised by going against the aspirations of Tel Aviv's regional colonialism. This gendarme was and is not only tasked with keeping the rebellious Palestinian masses at bay because of their high degree of “infectiousness” due to their struggle and indomitability to the masses throughout the Middle East; but also with keeping at bay other regional powers – Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and not least Turkey…– which over the decades have demonstrated the same desire to gain control of the Middle East, as well as to extricate itself from direct dependence on the world's most powerful imperialists, especially the United States.

After the Hamas incursion into Israel on 7 October, a year ago, Israel – which pretended that it was in no way prepared to prevent and repel such an act by force – responded immediately by carpet-bombing Gaza: it reacted rapidly with all the military force at its disposal, as if it was waiting for nothing more than an opportunity to launch an unprecedented attack against Gaza and the Palestinians in general. Hamas has thus gone from being a useful terrorist force for confronting the Palestinian National Authority to an enemy that must be permanently put down (just as bin Laden's Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan was once useful to the White House against the Russians, and was later enemy number one for Washington). But Israel's objectives, already after a few months of bombing Gaza, proved to be much broader than just defeating Hamas and killing its leaders. Tel Aviv could not have been unaware that Hezbollah militias –strong in southern Lebanon–- would intervene alongside Hamas (both organisations are backed by Iran of the Ayatollahs); it was therefore already preparing for a new attack in southern Lebanon to try to destroy its bases, from which hundreds of rockets are regularly fired into northern Israel. All this, no doubt, with the knowledge of the US government, which has been constantly supporting Israel with dollars and weaponry: the annual trade between the US and Israel has for years now amounted to $50 billion in goods and services (2). The US's unconditional support for any anti-Arab initiative by Israel, insofar as it weakens any alliances between Arabs, is well known. Thanks to Israeli militarism, the US has nevertheless achieved something to its own benefit over the years: it has prevented Arab states from forming closer alliances based on their traditional opposition to the West. In fact, regarding the systematic massacre of Palestinian civilian population, which has never ceased since 8 October 2023 and has even extended to the population of southern Lebanon and Beirut, not a single Arab country has uttered a single word in defence of the Palestinian masses, confirming that Israel is doing all the bourgeoisies in the region a service.

The current Netanyahu government, the most right-wing government of all time, has seized the opportunity to destroy not only Hamas, but the entire population of Gaza by massacring it: this population dared to “stand up” against the Jewish state by not voting into government the corrupt and impotent PNA, but Hamas, a party that showed that it was not afraid of Jewish military power and that it supported the social existence of the population of Gaza, despite the Israeli siege, with food, hospitals and, to some extent, employment opportunities. The more than 42 000 civilians who have been killed by the bombing, the thousands of wounded and sick, the population constantly being moved from one place to another in this strip of land that has become a huge concentration camp, exposed to hunger and every kind of disease because of the lack of minimal medical care, since almost all the hospitals have been destroyed, as well as the schools and, in general, all the buildings in which in addition to the many civilians, Hamas militiamen could also take refuge, indicate nothing other than that Israel intends to bring its 'final solution' to an end: reduce the surviving population of Gaza to the point where it agrees to submit completely to Jewish rule even on its own soil, and then proceed also against the population of the West Bank. It is not for nothing that the Netanyahu government has ignored the pressure from Biden and the grumbling Europeans for a ceasefire, to allow the passage of trucks carrying aid to the civilian population, to limit itself only to strikes against Hamas militias and not against the civilian population, and to negotiate the return home of hostages still in Hamas hands. Netanyahu had already asserted Israel's goals unequivocally in his speech to the UN on 22 September 2023– just days before Hamas invaded southern Israel: to extend Israeli territory from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean (in the prospect of a 'new Middle East'), encompassing the West Bank and Gaza, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, as the starting point for a new 'peace' project (3).

While the bombing of Gaza continued and Egypt closed its borders with Gaza to prevent any Palestinian from escaping the bombing by taking refuge in Egyptian territory, Israel was preparing to invade southern Lebanon to destroy Hezbollah's military bases; at the same time, Israel's threat to strike military and nuclear bases in Iran – as a major supporter of Hamas, Hezbollah and the Yemeni Houthis allied against Tel Aviv – has made the White House considerably alarmed, which wishes anything but for the outbreak of war with Iran to set the entire Middle East on fire at this delicate time of the presidential election.

However, Israel's actions also correspond – since Washington has replaced London and Paris in the domination of the region– to the fundamental interests of the United States, even if they have failed to pursue them in recent years in accordance with the timetable given by their plans for world domination and international relations. There is no doubt that if Israel did not rely on the financial, political and military support of the United States, it would not be able to act as the regional power feared by all countries in the Middle East region, and it would not be able to pursue an unlimited oppressive and racist policy against Palestinians and Arab population in the territory of Palestine. Un umpteenth example is given by the war waged in Gaza not so much against Hamas, but against the Palestinian population as such, in which the armaments and specialist support provided to Israel have played and continue to play a decisive role. On the subject of US arms supplies, Il fatto quotidiano of 22 October 2024 writes: “Bombs and munitions (including ten thousand of the infamous highly explosive Mk-80 series warheads) directly used in Gaza, which Brown University estimates at $17.9 billion (unlike Ukraine, the White House does not publicly quantify the aid provided to its Israeli ally). The United States has also deployed 42,000 Marines and dozens of naval ships and aircraft carriers in the region to deter Iran and repel attacks by its proxies against ships in the Red Sea or against Israel”. This is not to diminish Israel's full responsibility for the massacres of the population in Gaza, but it is clear that the Israelis are fulfilling the role of killers of the US, even for their own specific interests; they did the dirty work that the White House has kept away from and which it has disguised with its statements about “two nations, two states”, about “humanitarian corridors” to be provided for the systematically bombed population, about negotiations for the return of hostages, about “plans” for the post-war period after the war “against Hamas is over”, etc. etc. But it is not just about artillery and bombs. Intelligence is increasingly becoming a decisive factor in modern warfare. After the 7 October 2023 massacre by Hamas, “the Pentagon”, writes Il fatto quotidiano, quoted again, “discreetly dispatched several dozen special forces soldiers (…). A few days later, a group of agents arrived directly from Langley, Virginia, headquarters of the CIA”. It is Biden himself who admits to the direct US involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian war: “Shortly after the October 7 massacres, I ordered special operations personnel and our intelligence professionals to work hand in hand with their Israeli counterparts to help locate and track down Sinwar and other Hamas leaders hiding in Gaza” (quoted from Il fatto quotidiano). In fact, US intelligence specialists have worked all over the war theatre, both to locate the hideouts of Hamas leaders, not only in Gaza, but also in Tehran and Damascus and Hezbollah hideouts in Lebanon, as well as mapping tunnels using super-modern drones and specialised radars for underground scanning. In the quid pro quo characteristic of bourgeois exchanges, it seems that the Americans have so far given more to Israel than Israel has given to the Americans; most recently this relates to the initiative that Tel Aviv is preparing to strike Iran's military, oil and nuclear bases, something that the White House does not want presently because it is not prepared to face up to a war in the Middle East, which would certainly involve Russia and China, undermining relations with many of the Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa, with the BRICS countries and with some European countries that do not fully identify with the White House's policy, such as Hungary, but also France and Spain.

As is so often the case with killers, Israel, in an attempt to push through its Greater Israel plan, has gone on a tear from the instigator the USA; part of this plan is the war in Lebanon against the Hezbollah militias, which in reality, as in Gaza, is a war against the entire civilian population of Lebanon and Beirut, through which Israel intends to occupy the southern part of Lebanon, which stretches from the Litani River to the current border with Israel. It was with this aim in mind that the the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) attacked the UNIFIL (UN Interim Force in Lebanon) (4) peacekeepers posts on the UN-mandated Israeli-Lebanese border (the “Blue Line”) with the aim of preventing a military clash between the armies of the two countries in respect of mutual 'territorial sovereignty', disarming Hezbollah militias and assisting the civilian population in the area. As we know, the presence of the UNIFIL blue helmets has neither prevented the Hezbollah militias from continuing to arm themselves and launch rockets at Israeli towns near the border, nor has it prevented Israel from responding not only with ground troops but also, as it has done recently, with air strikes. It is clear that the 'peace missions' proclaimed by the world bourgeoisies assembled in the UN have never been and will never be able to truly ensure peace in territories where political and military contrasts are always ready to flare up again (just think of the massacre of Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Bosnian Serbs during the war in the former Yugoslavia under the supervision of the Dutch blue helmets whose job it was to protect them). Peace has never been in the DNA of any country's ruling bourgeois class: it is a temporary truce between armed clashes and wars that also take place far from states that flaunt “peace missions” all over the world.

The war that Israel has extended to Lebanon is not entirely in line with current American interests, although Israel might succeed in doing the same with Hezbollah after it defeated Hamas, which would largely neutralise the militias that Iran uses to keep Tel Aviv under constant pressure. As already mentioned, the White House has no intention of launching a war against Iran and plunging the entire Middle East into a state of ferocious violence. Too many economic and political interests would be undermined at a time when the situation does not allow Washington, moreover under the weight of the presidential election, a sufficient degree of control to defend its interests in the region. To a certain extent, however, this situation – which it would be wrong to interpret as the White House having got out of hand – reveals a certain weakness of the United States vis-à-vis its vassal/ally, which, in a region as strategically important as the Middle East, claims a freer hand in pursuing its specific interests. It is now apparent that the United States, while remaining the world's leading imperialist power, is no longer able to be, as it once was, decisively present financially and militarily in all the ''stormy areas'' of the world and to enforce to its exclusive benefit the actions of its allies: in fact, the US increasingly needs them to maintain its position as the world's leading player, but it cannot but grant to them a certain 'freedom of action', even though this 'freedom of action' may cost it much more than expected, not only in financial and economic terms, but also politically and diplomatically. And here it is worth recalling how Moshe Dayan, the “hero of the Six-Day War', interpreted the relationship that binds Israel to the United States: “The Americans provide us with money, weapons and advice. We accept money, weapons and refuse advice” (5).

China, as regarding the “Ukrainian question”, maintains an ambiguous position on Israeli moves, even though it had and still has an official position in favour of the “national rights of the Palestinian people”. It has never made any secret of its great economic and political interest in the Middle East, the stability of which would enable it to strengthen economic and commercial ties with the various countries in the region; it is the largest buyer of oil from Iran and Saudi Arabia, to which it has committed itself to normalising their relations by pushing through the agreement signed by Tehran and Riyadh in Beijing on 10 March 2023. An agreement through which Riyadh intended to strengthen its political and military role in an increasingly unstable Middle East, while Tehran sought to return to an official role in relations between countries in the region. However, the deal, it seems, will not have an easy life given the war situation that Israel has unleashed against Gaza and Lebanon, highlighting the conflicting interests of the two regional powers; in fact, Tehran supports the Yemeni Houthis, who attack US merchant ships in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden in solidarity with the Palestinians, while Riyadh supports the government in Sana'a and continues to cooperate with the US, which for its part has engaged in a real naval battle against the Houthis. China, which Riyadh has called on to intervene to ease growing tensions with Tehran, reiterates in the UN Security Council the need to end Houthi attacks in the Red Sea at the same time as an end to Israeli bombardment of Gaza. The sheer wish…

Russia has seen a general decline in the world's attention to the war in Ukraine since Israel unleashed a general war on Gaza and now on Lebanon (even Zelensky has noticed this), but as early as October 2023 it was emphasising that “every war today is in Russia's favour”, claiming that wars had now become the norm: “Look, everybody is at war: Azerbaijan invaded Armenia and conquered Karabakh, Hamas attacked Israel, and Russia is solving its problems in Ukraine (…). We have entered the age of instability, and we have to get used to it” (6). In practice, Moscow is saying that local conflicts will not be resolved any time soon and that there will always be war in one part of the world or another, in which, incidentally, the imperialist powers will inevitably become increasingly involved. But the reality of local wars, as we have repeatedly demonstrated in our press, has been present since the end of the Second World War, and the imperialist powers have rarely stayed out of them, on the contrary, they have often been their cause.

Russia has no interest in getting involved in the war between Israel and the Palestinians, from which it has stayed away for decades; it has limited itself to “condemning” the Hamas attack of 7 October 2023 and criticising Israeli attacks in Gaza, while calling for a ceasefire since last November, as have all the other powers not directly involved in this war (Brazil, India, etc.). What Moscow is directly concerned about are its only Mediterranean military bases in Syria, the Hmeimim air base and the naval base at Tartous, and its increasingly close relations with Iran, with which there is a very strong trade exchange, particularly in military supplies. The close relations with Iran have, of course, damaged the relations, albeit mutually contradictory, that Moscow has had with Israel, especially after Israel began systematically bombing Gaza and recently expanded its military operations to southern Lebanon with its repeat invasion on 30 September this year.

As for some of the European powers, most recently the UK and Germany (7), they, after stressing that they stand by Israel and its “right to exist and to self-defence”, and then making hackneyed speeches about Israel's “exaggerated military response” to the attack it experienced, about the need to get humanitarian aid to the civilian population of Gaza, and thus the need for a ceasefire to come to the aid of the civilian population being bombed, severely reduced the supply of weaponry to Israel (8), and concertedly warned Netanyahu not to expand the war even into Lebanon, let alone the entire Middle East. We have seen the force of this warning… the war has spread and arms and funds are still coming to Israel thanks to the United States.

As for France, it also hypocritically stressed “Israel's right to self-defence” and thus the need to supply it with weapons; but after Israel shelled UNIFIL peacekeepers' positions in Lebanon to move a few kilometres to allow Tel Aviv troops to advance on the ground to fight Hezbollah militias, it announced on 5 October, through the mouth of President Macron in an interview on the radio station France Inter (while pro-Palestinian demonstrations were taking place in Paris, as throughout Europe), that it too would stop the supply of weaponry: “Stop supplying Israel with the weapons it uses against Gaza. Terrorism is not fought by sacrificing civilians”, but then the Elysee Palace was forced to clarify that Paris continues to supply “components necessary for the defence of Israel” (9).

And what about the Italian government of Meloni? Total compliance with the positions of Israel, which is considered a permanent victim of Arab and Islamic terrorism and therefore has every justification for a decisive military response against Hamas and its leaders (regardless of which country they take refuge in), especially in Gaza, and against the Hezbollah militias that continue to fire rockets and launch drones at Israel from Lebanon. There was, of course, no shortage of statements about the civilian victims of the bombing in Gaza and then in Lebanon; but these statements have the same bitter taste as those used for the migrants who are fleeing wars, oppression, torture and suffering and are crossing the sea in boats to the Italian shores, and who have been left to drown by the hundreds by the state precisely because it has not come to their aid; behind these statements there is genuine satisfaction that the 'enemies', whether Hamas and Hezbollah terrorists or immigrants driven by despair to Italian shores, are seriously affected. Of course, there was no lack of surprise that Israeli missiles were not only aimed at Hezbollah and the Lebanese, but also at Italian UNIFIL military posts: “this is unacceptable!” were Meloni's “harshest” words to Tel Aviv…, then everything continues as Tel Aviv wishes. It only takes a few words from Foreign Minister Tajani to understand how much they care about the lives of Palestinian, Lebanese, Syrian civilians. At the “G7 Development” summit (10), held in Pescara from 22 to 24 October, which Tajani chaired, he gave the usual hypocritical hackneyed speech to the representatives of the imperialist interests present at the meeting, to which representatives of Israel, Lebanon and the Palestinian Authority were also invited: “We reiterate our position on the ceasefire, but the topic of the meeting is humanitarian aid. We are focusing our attention on [laying] the first piece in the mosaic to build peace”; and, after announcing an Italian aid programme of €25 million for Gaza, Lebanon and the Gaza reconstruction project (compared to the billion Italy has so far given to Ukraine for the war against Russia, these are crumbs), he underlines that “we will also have to think about organising a conference, as is the case with the reconstruction of Ukraine, to do the same for Gaza, but also for Lebanon and for those parts of northern Israel that have been hit”. This is the real objective of every bourgeoisie: to prepare for the reconstruction of the areas and countries destroyed by the war that the ruling bourgeoisies themselves unleashed.

DESTROY, MASSACRE, DESTROY... ONE WAY OR ANOTHER, IT WILL BE RECONSTRUCTED, AND THE MASSACRES WILL BE FORGOTTEN…

Bourgeois war always means destruction and massacres. Once the historical epoch of the national revolutions, through which the bourgeoisie brought about real progress in society, has passed, the bourgeoisie in every country has become warmongering, as Marx and Engels's Manifesto of 1848 confirms: the bourgeoisie finds itself involved in a constant battle. At first with the aristocracy; later on, with those portions of the bourgeoisie itself, whose interests have become antagonistic to the progress of industry; at all time with the bourgeoisie of foreign countries. We can only say that to the battle of the bourgeoisie against those portions of the bourgeoisie itself whose interests have become antagonistic to the progress of industry, we can add the battle with those portions of the bourgeoisie itself whose interests have become antagonistic to the interests of finance capitalism, which has developed precisely thanks to the development of the progress of industry.

As in the case of Ukraine, it is these gentlemen who rub their hands over the drawing up of billion-dollar plans for the reconstruction of what they have destroyed. But the interest in Gaza and Lebanon, disguised as a humanitarian stance to deceive the local population and the domestic electorate, is not only in arms deals for a war that will inevitably last a long time, in testing all kinds of technologically super-modern weapons in the prospect of a world war and in testing the reliability and solidity of allies on both sides, but also in securing for the near future the large undersea natural gas deposits off Gaza and Lebanon. For any imperialist power, control of energy resources is of vital importance and is increasingly becoming a sufficient reason to wage war. Needless to say, Israel – in its vision of Greater Israel, which, according to the Hebrew Bible, stretches from the Mediterranean to the Euphrates, that is to say, comprising Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq – regards these deposits as its 'property', just as Turkey regards the deposits found off Cyprus. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is going to take decades and decades, but capitalism cannot wait; while telling people that it is working on an energy transition and that it is fighting global warming, it is spending billions on oil and gas exploration and extraction, proving that it is a mode of production oriented towards the destruction of natural and social life on the planet.

IT WILL BE THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE OF THE PROLETARIAT THAT WILL BREAK OFF THE BOURGEOIS WARS AND OVERTHROW ITS POLITICAL POWER

How to put an end to this mode of production which only guarantees ever higher level of pollution and ever more widespread massacres?

Capitalism, in its unbridled and uncontrolled development, has nevertheless created the objective historical conditions for the next historical leap: it has given birth to associated labour in industry and wage labour –i.e. the class of the proletariat, the workers with no country, with no reserves – which, in comparison with previous modes of production, has meant a very powerful revolutionary advance in the development of social life, but which, in comparison with the general necessities of social life and well-being for all mankind, is at the same time an obstacle to any real human progress. The cyclical and war crisis into which bourgeois society plunges is proof of this. Yet, it is precisely the class of those with no reserves, with no country, the international class of the proletariat with its life-and-death struggle, that has the historical task that the bourgeois class had between 1600 and 1800: i.e., to revolutionise the whole of society from top to bottom.

Only that the new society that will emerge from the revolution of the proletariat will no longer have the task of permanently creating a ruling class and dominated classes, will no longer be based on the oppression of the great majority of human beings by a small minority of big capitalists, and will no longer have to manage social life through money, commodity production, production and reproduction of the class of workers subject to the dictatorship of capital. It will take advantage of the great industrial progress to direct it in principle towards satisfying the needs of social life and the well-being of all mankind, based on intelligent planning for the utilisation of natural and human resources in accordance with the laws of nature of which Man is a part.

Marxists call this society of the future communism, but to get there will require the complete overthrow of the present bourgeois power of the imperialist powers of the most powerful countries. Capitalism cannot be reformed, there is no capitalism with a human face: there is capitalism with its oppression, its inequalities, its wars, which still persists on the premise of crushing the proletariat into misery and despair. But it is precisely this misery, this despair, that the proletariat will at some point realise and will no longer tolerate because it will see no other way out but to blow up all the balances and imbalances of bourgeois society, certain that the new society which it will set in motion under the leadership of its class party, will truly represent the future not only of the proletariat, but of the whole of social Man, who will no longer be classified according to labour categorisation, since all will simply be workers – no longer wage labourers, no longer dependent on mercantile production and capital.

(1) On this subject, see the recent publication of the Reprint “Il comunista”, No. 19, “Medio Oriente ‘questione palestinese’ e marxismo”, dedicated to the Middle East and the Palestinian question.

(2) Cf. http:// www.ispionline.it/ it/ pubblicazione/usa-cina-russia-e-gli-altri-come-si-schiera-il- mondo- nella- guerra-hamas-israele-151114.

(3) Cf. https://www.fiammanirenstein.com/articoli/il-discorso-si-netanyahu-all-onu-tutto-nerl-campo-della-pace-5048.htm (in il Giornale, 23 September 2023); and https://www.valigiablu.it/relazioni-netanyahu-hamas/, 28 November 2023

(4) Latest news: according to the Financial Times, as reported in Il fatto quotidiano of 23.10.2024, it is suspected that the Israeli army “used white phosphorus, an incendiary chemical, close enough to injure 15 peacekeepers”, after having seen a report “drawn up by a country that supplies UNIFIL with troops”; this country is said to be Ghana, which has troops stationed next to a UNIFIL post entrusted to Italy.

(5) Cf. La notte di Israele, Limes, Italian geopolitical magazine, September 2024, p. 15.

(6) Cf. https://www.asianews.it/notizie-it/La-Russia-tra-Israele-e-Palestina-59353.html

(7) A few days after the start of the war in Gaza, Chancellor Scholz declared, “Germany now has only one place, and that is alongside Israel. Germany's history and the responsibility it bore in connection with the Holocaust oblige us to maintain Israel's security and existence”. https://it.euronews.com/2024/02/16/la-germania-puo-essere-imparziale-sulla-guerra-a-gaza

(8) Cf. https://it.indideover.com/war/after-GreatBritain-also-Germany-decides-no-more-weapons-at-Israel.html, 19 September 2024.

(10) Cf. https://askanews.it/2024/10/22/new-aires-and-reconstruction-the-Italian-road-to-gaza-andthe-libanon/.

Il comunista - le prolétaire - el proletario - proletarian - programme communiste - el programa comunista - Communist Program